The air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the Coral Sea are measured in mol·m-2·yr-1 with a spatial resolution of 9 km × 9 km, covering the Coral Sea from January 2006 to December 2018. Validation of in-situ measurements of the partial pressure of seawater CO2 (pCO2) showed a root-mean-square error of 9.88 μatm in the Coral Sea basin and 11.28 μatm in the coastal zone.
 
This dataset used atmospheric pressure data from the ERA-5, atmosphere CO2 concentration data from CarbonTracker2019B, sea surface chlorophyll concentration data from the CCI, sea surface salinity data from the CMEMS, sea surface temperature data from the OISST, and sea surface wind velocity data from the CCMP. Using the MeSAA algorithm (which step-by-step resolves the effects of thermodynamic processes, biological processes, and atmospheric forcing on sea surface pCO2, and establishes a semi-analytical inversion model of sea surface pCO2 and the influencing factors in the ocean), a monthly coral sea surface pCO2 product was produced for the period of 2006-2018. Then, combined with other environmental data, such as wind speed and atmospheric CO2 concentration, we estimated the air-sea CO2 flux products. Compared with similar global products, it contains all available regional information with no limitation to the provision of spatially consistent air-sea CO2 sinks. Therefore, as the regional product contains more details, higher spatial resolution and regional specific information, it can be used for regional studies. This work provides a solid foundation for further research on ocean carbon sinks and their impacts by climate change.